Expression and Nutritional Regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in the Ruminant Mammary Gland: Relationship with Milk Fatty Acid Composition
نویسنده
چکیده
In lactating ruminants, stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( SCD ) gene expression in the mammary gland focused particular attention due to its implication in milk technological and nutritional qualities for human consumers. Indeed, the mammary enzyme SCD or ∆9-desaturase by introducing a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the fatty acids (FA) has a key role in the synthesis of milk monounsaturated FA and specifi c conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers only found in ruminant products. Then, in milk, about 60 % of oleic (cis-9-18:1; a major milk FA), 50–56 % of palmitoleic (cis-9-16:1), 90 % of myristoleic (cis-9-14:1), and >60 % of the major isomer of CLA (cis-9, trans-11-18:2 or rumenic acid) originate from mammary gland synthesis by the action of SCD enzyme on circulating stearic (18:0), palmitic (16:0), myristic (14:0), and vaccenic acids (trans-11-18:1), respectively. This action is very important due to the impact of milk fat concentration and FA profi le in determining milk nutritional quality. Indeed, certain saturated FA (mainly 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0) and trans-FA are considered to exert negative effects when consumed in excess, whereas others (4:0, anteiso-15:0, cis-9-18:1, 18:3 n -3, and some CLA isomers) have potentially positive effects on human health (Parodi 2005 ; Shingfi eld et al. 2008b ). For example, cis-9, trans-11-18:2, the major isomer of CLA in ruminant milk, exhibits anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic (Wahle et al. 2004 ) properties in animal models. Thus, by contributing to the synthesis of FA that are benefi cial from the point of view of human nutrition, e.g., cis-9, trans11-CLA and to a lesser extent cis-9-18:1, SCD contribute to improve the nutritional quality of milk fat. In addition, by introducing a cis-9 double bond to FA, Chapter 13 Expression and Nutritional Regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in the Ruminant Mammary Gland: Relationship with Milk Fatty Acid Composition
منابع مشابه
Real-time RT-PCR and cDNA macroarray to study the impact of the genetic polymorphism at the alphas1-casein locus on the expression of genes in the goat mammary gland during lactation.
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